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Transformer Working Principle

A transformer can be described as a device that transfers energy from one circuit to another circuit via mutual ondiction.
Mutual inductance
              Unit-henery
             Symbole-m
Mutual inductance can be described as the ability bto produce a voltage in one circuit by varing a current in a another. As the current varies, the magnatic field surrounding the coil also varies. The varieng field intensity is passed to the second coil.


Coefficent of couppling
Symbole-k
The coefficent of coupiling describes how much of the total flux links the tow circuits.the best possible coefficent is k=1. If all the lines of the flux link both circuts, then k=1.
The mutal inductance of a transformer can be caluculated using the following formula
                     M=k root L1*L2
Where  m=mutal inductance (henerys)
K= coefficent of coupiling
L1 = self inductance of the primery
L2 = self inductance of the secondery
Turns ratio
                          Turns ratio =Np/Ns
Voltage ratio
                            Voltafe ratio = Vp/Vs =Np/Ns

Current ratio


Power can not be created by a transformer. If the voltage increases , the current must decreases proportionally. The power must always be the same on both sides of the transformer.
                                Current ratio= Is/Ip =Np/Ns =Vp/Vs

Impudance ratio
                                  Impudance ratio =(Ns/Np)2    =Zs/Zp

Where       Zs = load impudance
                   Zp =impudance of primary as seen by source
Ns/Np = secondary to primary turns ratio

Transformer efficency 
The persent efficency of the transformer can be caluculated by dividing the true power out , by the power in  and then multiplaying by 100.

Efficency% = p out/ p in *100
A transformer can be described as a  device that transfers energy from one circuit to another via mutal indiction.

Turns ratio = Np/Ns  =Vp/Vs  =Is/Ip

Impudance ratio  =(Ns/Np)2  = Zs/Zp

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